April 23, 2007
The timeliness of bullying, part 2

On 'What to do if your child is bullied':

I find the suggestions of The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry close to useless if school authorities in our own academic institutions view bullying no more than a solitary experiment on toughening up oneself, with little to no regard for a 'cry for help' (see my last post). But then again, there could at least be one caring adult on campus, right? But that would depend on how much protection they can offer when it comes to giving guidance to a bullied child.

Of course, assertiveness on the part of the bullied student in encountering THE BULLY is encouraged. But it's one thing to be assertive and another to be totally lacking in supervision. Obviously, bullied kids can't do without supervision, and they should also keep in mind that it's not a sissy thing to ask for help.

Anger management issues should definitely be addressed. Ongoing bullying can leave a person angry at the world and with his/her surroundings, and I don't think it's a secret that many who have found themselves relegated to loner status have had fantasies of blowing up their high school with their classmates in it. No one's been stupid enough to pack heat just yet, so maybe they can still save themselves - just not with a noose. The sad part is that our schools don't have programs to combat bullying, nor do they offer conflict resolution or anger management training.

Also, these tips assume that children who undergo bullying can always find solace in the company of others in order to avoid contact with THE BULLY. But what if they don't have friends in school to begin with?

Other related stories on bullying and current events which affect our national psyche, also from the PDI:

RJD's first-hand account of VA Tech is actually close to home (her nephew is currently studying at VA Tech). She thinks an incident likes this can occur "anywhere where guns are so easy to get." (That means Manila, too.)

Neal Cruz views the likelihood of a school shooting to happen here as "not far off".

The United States may hold the world record for school shootings, but we hold the record for extra-judicial killings and the murders of journalists. And this year, the Philippines may set another record for election-related killings. The United States and the Philippines share a common cause for the mass murders: the ease with which people get hold of guns because they both have no effective gun control laws.

More on how guns are acquired in the Philippines (also from Neal Cruz's commentary):
Those in the Philippines who cannot legally acquire guns can get them illegally from the black market, too. There are many loose handguns, assault rifles and ammunition being sold, some by policemen and soldiers themselves. We even have a whole city engaged in the illegal manufacture of firearms. Although this is clearly illegal, the Arroyo administration doesn't do anything to stop it. On the contrary, it has made illegal gun manufacture a tourist attraction and is promoting guns as products for export.


Non-PDI-related: Sassy Lawyer waxes analytical in her context-heavy post on "the right to bear arms", and why it backfired from its intended objective.

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April 20, 2007
The timeliness of bullying, part 1

The schoolyear may be over (for local schools, anyway), but earlier this week, PDI decided to run a story about the culture of bullying that takes place on campus grounds. Stranger yet is the VA Tech student massacre that had to happen like, a day later. Talk about serendipity of the worst kind.

Anyway, the article opens with the writer's personal account of her son as the unfortunate target of bullying from a higher-ranked fencing teammate, and delves into the systems that encourage (rather than discourage) bullying to continuously take place in exclusive schools. It's specifically aimed at parents - especially those who have witnessed their own child being bullied by a classmate, peer or even a group of people who look down on those who are either 'unlike' or 'don't measure up' (my quotations).

The writer also cites Dr. Honey Carandang, who tackles the psychological aspects of bullying. She manages to pack a few punches of her own by addressing the following:

a.) Bullying can be learned at home, especially if a parent, who is obviously looked onto as a role model, exhibits such tendencies. Taming the bully, however, requires a degree of intervention on the part of both parent and child.

b.) There are many faces to a bully. Apart from the stereotypical tough guy, bullies can come in groups. Because of how social hierarchies in school operate, bullies can develop status over time - so even the admirable "it" crowd is capable of bullying. And by bullying, it's not always the physical kind. Bullying can be emotional, in the form of outright rejection or ostracism.

c.) Even school authorities are complicit in allowing this culture of bullying to take place by choosing to turn a blind eye, to the point of trivializing the threat by suggesting that the bullied student should learn to fend for himself or herself.

d.) Often, students who unwillingly find themselves in this seemingly endless battlefield feel that suicide is the only way out of being bullied and ostracized. (Dr. Carandang has dealt with a number of cases.)

e.) If the schools in our country don't get their act together to address this problem by reorienting the school system, it'll get only worse. The possible approximation or alternate reality? We could be short of a Columbine blood bath, if the student decides to "hit back".

f.) Bullying can be further prevented if students were more encouraged by the schools to get hobbies or throw their passions in extra-curricular activities.

I don't always take expert opinions at face value, but it's rare that I come across those that aren't sugar-coated with forced optimism and faux Zen-like contentment. Having said that, I think it's cool that Dr. Carandang addressed this bullying problem in schools as something that is sadly overlooked in the very institutions that are supposed to educate students in the first place. It's easy to waste authoritative spit on social propriety and upbringing, but perpetual lip service isn't gonna keep those bullies at bay. And when the bullies do have their way, the last ones to know about it are precisely the ones who run the school. Or have they decided to let the bullies take over the school instead, enforcing their own stupid social hierarchies by deciding who's 'hot' or 'not', or too 'promdi' for that matter? Who actually rules the school?

It seems that parents who invest in their children's education may not really know (or even care) what their children are getting out of it. Bottomline is, they're there to learn. But whether the kids are alright is another thing. There's enough academic pressure in making the grade, but when it comes to getting along with the rest, the classroom can be a real social pressure cooker. Some kids can't penetrate existing social bonds (cliques), or don't really get by on uniqueness alone (that is, when uniqueness = perceived eccentricity, not the so-called uniqueness that gets one votes as class president). In fact, it's really easy to make someone feel left out when s/he isn't as rich or as branded or as conformist or even into the whole school spirit thang.

And of course, who really wants to come off as looking "socially inept", even to their own parents? Especially when the problem doesn't really lie with the kid enduring all sorts of emotional bullying and ostracism, but that s/he just wasn't lucky enough to find the right mix of classmates that s/he can relate with?

Granted, the article roots for the bullied child by giving it both a pro-parental intervention slant and addressing school administrations to get their heads out of their asses by coming up with necessary preventive measures (like school-wide anti-bullying programs). However, it lacks the more level-headed recourse to ingesting toxic liquids like detergent or making like the lone two-gun-toting psycho and shooting classmates at random - namely the ability to cope through the most uncalled-for rite of passage that certain students have to go through, at the risk of being marked for rejection and tagged "the social misfit" during their most crucial, coming-of-age.

I think it's important that students who feel the exclusion no matter how hard they tried to fit in should try not to let the classroom politics get to them. More than anything, they should be encouraged to focus on their own interests and social networks elsewhere, even if it means that most friendships actually take place outside of school. While school administrations have yet to realize they need to get their act together for the sake of their own students' sanity and well being, it always helps to talk to an adult - a guidance counselor or any older person, someone who is patient and understanding enough to listen and can give his/her own two cents on the matter. It may take a while to develop the nerves of steel required to tune out those shallow peeps that tried to ruin your life, but when it boils down to it, you have more pressing concerns at the moment, like taking charge of your own parasite-free life, keeping your grades afloat and, of course, graduation, your ticket out of there.

Connie Veneracion of the famous Sassy Lawyer blog, is living proof that parents know what's going on with their kids. A year ago, she recounted an incident in school where her daughter was a target of sexism. Her daughter retaliated when one of the guys laid a hand on her. The school administrator, in turn, lectured the girl about how it is improper for girls in general to fight back, not even out of self-defense. This led to a critique in the school's system, which does not offer protection to female students, let alone encourage them to protest when they have been wronged.

The right to good quality education (Article 10) is a right guaranteed by CEDAW, but with all the social traumarama going on in schools and the safety and well-being of students not 100% guaranteed, how can our Filipina students parttake of the experience of learning and knowledge that is rightfully theirs? For those harsher lessons in high school life, we're brought back to the big D: Discrimination. And it operates on many levels - classism, sexism (males to females, or even females to females), regionalism - even something as petty as brand of shoes or looks.

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February 14, 2007
Notes on a Scandal "Video"


There's an 11-page photo spread called Boyfriend Video (where "the sexiest lingerie finds its ultimate audience") in this year's double issue opener of Preview magazine. I wish there was a way for me to scan some of the pictures, but that would mean buying just another glossy that isn't worth the clutter in my home.

Of course, it's nothing new - the usual commodification of "sexiness" - or more like what magazine editors and fashion photographers mediawhoring for Summit's line of women's magazines consider sexy. However, someone over at their camp thought that appropriating the aesthetics of those "scandal videos" whilst peddling "the sexiest lingerie" was a good idea.

Cashing in on intimacy is one thing. Suggesting to take this intimacy a notch higher by documenting the nasty for personal home viewing only is another. Only this is not "home viewing" because there's an audience involved - us. And when there's an audience for "scandal videos", nothing is as sexy as it looks, unless you actually get off on watching a pair of real (read: unglamorous) genericos having a go at each other under the natural lighting conditions of a dimly lit motel and the amateur camera work of its participants.

Having viewed the "Makati Scandal" or "La Salle Scandal" (or whatever title it bore) awhile back just to see what the big brouhaha was about at the time, I had been primarily curious about how the nasty evidence was "discovered" and eventually mass-marketed at your nearest pirate dealer. But there didn't seem to be anything accidental about it in the "lost and found" kind of way - in fact, the video seemed too calculated to even be considered scandalous, like the couple were aware that they were giving the audience something to see, even if they couldn't seem to get it right. They still looked rather self-conscious, and likewise, camera-shyness affected their ability to perform. So, no real shocker there, as far as scandals go. It also became hellishly boring after awhile.

A friend of mine told me that he had cousins who'd show each other their personal sex videos with their girlfriends, taken with the ease and convenience of the camera fone. Now this variety of family reunion-style social bonding actually shocks me, even if it isn't necessarily played for shocks. It has less to do with the content itself, which I'm (thankfully) spared from seeing, and more of how casually these videos are being exchanged - akin to showing off pictures of their babies or kids or pets, wholesome family trips, birthdays, weddings, graduation and other similar milestones.

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January 30, 2007
"BIRD FLU BASICS FOR MEDIA"

GUEST BLOGGER: Kara Santos (WFS Philippines)







Recently, I've been involved in a series of workshops on Avian Influenza (or bird flu) reporting for print journalists. The workshops funded by UNICEF and organized by the Philippine Press Institute (PPI) were held in Cebu (for Visayas), San Fernando, Pampanga (for Luzon and NCR) and Davao (for Mindanao).

Aside from an overview on what the media should know about the disease - signs in infected birds, symptoms in humans, preventive measures - one of the major sessions in the workshop was "tooling the journalist" to report responsibly and accurately on bird flu.

Because the Philippines remains one of three ASEAN countries that is still "bird flu-free" (along with Singapore and Brunei), the general public is largely unconcerned about the issue.

Mary Grace Agoncillo, UNICEF Consultant for the "Stay Bird Flu Free Philippines" campaign says that "Filipinos have a tendency to believe they can get through anything." Since we were unaffected by SARS, and have remained bird flu free (so far), popular belief is that we are generally more resistant than our neighboring nations who have had outbreaks.

But while we have been fortunate so far, we can not remain complacent. If the H5N1 strain of the avian influenza mutates to a form that can easily pass from human to human, it could potentially wipe out millions, with children being the most at risk.

Thus, UNICEF has turned to media to help in the wide information campaign to the public.

The challenge however is to use simple but powerful messages to convey the correct information. Because of the urgency of the matter, media people need to "Get it first, get it fast, and GET IT RIGHT."

This is not as easy as it sounds because, "too soft a warning just won't get heard" (or won't get published in the newspaper) but "too loud a warning could provoke unnecessary public fear and economic damage."

One example is the bird flu scare in Bacolod, a province known for chicken inasal and fighting cocks. In 2005, a fake text message circulated, warning people against eating chicken because a migratory bird was found positive for bird flu. The widespread paranoia caused a loss of P1.2 M daily to Bacolod before the hoax was exposed.

To prevent such a scenario for happening again, media experts and journalists (including Yvonne Chua and Rachel Khan of the University of the Philippines) give some tips for journalists covering bird flu:

  • Don't spread myths. Debunk them and help educate the public

  • Distinguish bird flu from pandemic flu and ordinary flu

  • Distinguish where the risk is high and where it is low

  • Be candid and emphatic about the human risk of bird flu. But don't mislead public;

  • Do not to say that officials are "in panic" (unless they truly are)

  • Remember the disadvantaged (poor, children, high risk groups)


Key messages that UNICEF would like media people to highlight are:
* Stay away from sick or dying birds.
* Report incidence of sickness and death.
* Separate healthy from sick/dying birds.
* Wash your hands properly.
* Cook poultry products well.

Learn more about bird flu:
Department of Health
Department of Agriculture
World Health Organization
Food and Agriculture Organization
World Organization for Animal Health
Pandemicflu.gov
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Association for Health Care Journalists

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December 04, 2006
"Take back the tech"

GUEST BLOGGER: Kara Santos (WFS Philippines)


Take Back The Tech

"If I had a lie detector, I could have left sooner," writes e of Malaysia.

This is just one entry to the digital postcard campaign that "connects the dots" between modern technology tools and violence against women .

Technology tools like radios, the internet, digital cameras, mobile phones, webcams, blogs and videogames can make women's lives much easier. But the same tools can also be used to degrade them.

Trafficking, pornography, sexual abuse and harassment are just some forms of violence against women that have evolved in the recent years because of the rise of modern technology.

The Commission Against Trafficking in Asia and the Pacific (CATW-AP) reports that the use of info technology to recruit victims of trafficking are on the rise.

In Angeles, Pampanga (a hotspot for trafficking and sex trade), pedophiles are increasingly using the Internet to lure other pedophiles to come to the Philippines . Live video streaming on the Web show children being sexually abused. Other pedophiles browse personal profiles or lurk in chat rooms to find their victims.

PCIJ reports that technology has also enhanced voyeurism in the Philippines, with video recordable tools increasing the ability to capture intimate videos or tape others without their knowledge .

Celebrity sex tapes are spread on the internet, nude photos are sent via MMS on mobile phones, while private sex videos can be shared via Bluetooth or Youtube, a popular video sharing website. Sex scandals are compiled in pirated DVDs by school (the La Salle Scandal, UST Scandal) or province/city (the Makati scandal, the Dumaguete scandal) and sold on sidewalks. In some cases the videos are completely fabricated, exploiting the "flavor of the month", as in the case of the Subic rape scandal DVD portraying rape victim "Nicole" as a prostitute.

To combat this, women from all around the world are reclaiming their rights and "taking back the tech" to take control of information communications technology (ICT), and use it in activism to eliminate violence against women. This is in line with the 16 days of activism against gender violence (celebrated globally from November 25 to December 10).

The campaign is initiated by The Association for Progressive Communications, Women's Networking Support Programme (APC WNSP), a global network of women who support networking for social change and women's empowerment, through the use of information and communication technology (ICTs).

Here are some suggestions how you can help out the 16 Days of Activism campaign:

  • Send someone an SMS on the International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women

  • Change your email signature to www.takebackthetech.net

  • Change the homepage on cyber cafe computers to webpages/resources that teach women's empowerment

  • Snap a picture to change the image of women in digital spaces

  • Take photos of abusers, perpetrators and post them online or on Flickr sites with the appropriate tags.

  • Build knowledge & share what you know to help other women (through guides, FAQs, etc.)

  • Bookmark good links and resources on VAW for others to use

  • Participate in digital storytelling

  • Make videos that can interrupt violence against women

  • Change your YM status message or email signature into something that provokes thought in your network of friends and acquaintances.


  • For questions and submissions on campaign ideas, visit www.takebackthetech.net or email ideas AT takebackthetech DOT net

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    July 26, 2006
    Madonna: The New Whore?

    READ: Are you a Madonna or Maria Clara? by Gabriela Lee
    (from Meg magazine, July 2006)

    Virgin/Vamp. Madonna/Whore. Has Maria Clara become the new Madonna, and Madonna (the pop star) the new whore?

    Maria Clara clearly gets no reinvention. As a construct of the male nationalist imagination (namely Rizal's), she still exemplifies iconic tradition for the well-to-do Filipina - well-groomed, well-bred and unwaveringly loyal (in the extreme kind of way) to her man. By implication, she could use a little - no, make that A LOT - of initiative when it comes to getting what she REALLY wants. And the backbone to stand up to THE MAN, tell him off, give him the middle finger, yo. Unless a loyalty that doesn't waver is a form of strength. Or unless her sisterly vocation is really sincere, but ALL or nothing pretty much sums up the wasted potential there.

    But really, let's not confuse strength with closing off ALL options in life by devoting it to God just 'cause her man was a "revolutionary/terrorist" on a mission. And men like Ibarra/Simoun have their priorities, and know that they have their cherished reward to claim later on - if all goes well, that is.

    Strength, it seems, is a modern quality, and the danger of setting binaries on our cultural identity by way of Maria Clara is that Filipinas can't be associated with anything modern - they have to be tagged as such. Sure, women have achieved so much since then, in terms of education and work - pretty much lazy writer's shorthand for empowerment without any proper context - think centuries of struggle that definitely had its gains, but the fight doesn't end there. But we know what Gabriella Lee is getting at, right? Whatever. In spite of these supposedly self-explanatory achievements, this fluff piece implies that we've been born and bred into the Maria Clara mold with the potential to be modernized along the way. It's either this or that, in favor of traditional roots or the more liberated Western Other - in this case, Madonna. The latter also indicates progress. If Maria Clara is pre-empowerment, Madonna is all about empowerment and choice, up til the settling down part with filmmaker Guy Ritchie.

    It's pretty laughable how Madonna's career highlights - or rather, what little is mentioned - have been sanitized for the tween reading set. Imagine taking a gigantic leap from Material Girl era Madonna to motherhood, ignoring both timeline and Madonna's unconventional decisions in raising and caring for her children, biological or otherwise (i.e. her dancers). Overidealized much? Choosing Madonna as a role model means taking in the good with the incredibly raunchy. Otherwise, if we only wanted snippets of her persona, we could've just ditched the whole Maria Clara thing and taken the "Which Madonna are you?" personality quiz instead.

    And it almost goes without saying: Madonna is a bonafide media whore. Everything about her is a statement, even if the statement is as problematic as the exotic appropriation of things Japan or as controversial as her 1992 book SEX, which was in a nutshell, steamy bordering on S&M with straight/queer orgiastic photographs dubbed as pure fantasy, accompanied by prose of yet another persona, Dita the Mistress.

    Ironically, Dita, the fantasy borne out of some desire for Erotica era Madonna to whet her sexual appetite via art porn, is not a kept woman. She's very take-charge, but varied reciprocity in terms of having different lovers and the experimentation that follows allows her to live in the ecstatic moment. Unlike courtesans and mistresses, the "whores" from the Madonna/Whore dichotomy, their status as kept women required them to conform to the rigid rules of the game.

    Madonna herself had a choice in the direction of her career and how she wanted to present her sexuality, no matter how abhorable it may come across to Jesus freaks and the like. Obviously, that doesn't make her "the new whore."

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    April 03, 2006
    Why I support the "Free the Media" campaign

    Imagine a day without news. No newspapers. Static on the radio except for one solitary station playing the national anthem. Same on tv. All snow in all channels. Eerie. But it actually happened on September 21, 1972, the day Marcos declared Martial Law.

    The military then tried to intimidate 23 women journalists brave enough to write stories about military atrocities. I salute them for their courage!

    We fought long and hard to get back our democracy. And I am not about to repeat that infamous day. I do not want to have that feeling of uncertainty again because of a news blackout. But we should not wait for that day to happen again. We should be on our guard.

    Already there was talk of inviting the media "to work out guidelines on media coverage under a state of national emergency." Proclamation 1017 threatens our freedom of speech. I refuse to give up our fundamental right to publish facts, ideas or opinions. I refuse to submit to any media guidelines that will curtail this freedom. No government should interfere with this right in any way, as in the case of the Tribune or any other paper.

    When news tends to be biased or borders on the incredible…only the public may judge to remove a publication or program out of the market. But never the government.

    As a woman writer and editor for a syndicated media service that writes stories from the women's perspective, I manage to put women's views in the news…and I will not lose this space, no matter how small.

    Women are half the population and deserve space in print and broadcast media and should have a say on all issues that affect their lives. They want to know the truth. They want to know all sides. They want to be part of the debate. And this cannot happen with a manipulated press.

    The press is the last bastion of democracy. A free press is the best safeguard against unjust rule. A government is less likely to impose unjust laws when people can openly criticize its decisions. Without that freedom, people cannot be politically free or achieve economic progress.

    The right to speak is non-negotiable. It is free for all. Keep media free!

    For some background info on the campaign, please check out
    FREE 4 ALL.

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    December 02, 2005
    Mmmmm, fatty food endorsements!

    Sharon (the Megastar) says she only endorses products she uses and eats. Like Ladies Choice Mayonnaise, for instance. She admits to doing it out of nostalgia, but since she claims she eats the stuff, she probably also dunks lechon kawali in it and whips up mean garlic dips that go splendidly with breaded chicken wings and fried lumpia. Then again, she offers her killer bagoong dip to the media.

    Funny that, coming from someone whose undying efforts to beat the battle of the bulge has always been made public - remember the countdown to fitting that dress on the mannequin, as seen in her old show after giving birth to Senator Kiko's first child? Now she's on the South Beach Diet, which encourages more protein intake than carbs, but carbs can be consumed in the form of high fiber, like whole wheat, grains, etc. SBD also doesn't totally discourage fat. The fat sources, however, should come from good fats like unsaturated and monosaturated fats. The breaded chicken and the fried lumpia are pretty much a no-no for her from the carbs alone, but really, all of it, including the lechon kawali and the mayo-as-dip itself are loaded with saturated fats.

    And while she's reportedly lost 22 pounds, her fatty food endorsements seem to have temporarily erased that memory or perhaps suspend disbelief that she is in fact cool with partaking of her mayo-laced indulgence, which by sight alone can only make our stomachs queasy. Hell, even we know what's bad for her!

    Are we supposed to take her food endorsements and her diet choices as two completely separate things, if not totally opposing? Of course, her intention to diet - or what she lets on for public consumption - doesn't seem to be motivated by health but more for image-conscious reasons, especially in preparation for her new Oprah-esque TV show slated for next year:
    "Look at me naman. I don't think it's going to be amusing to a lot of people to see me like this. Although, I have already lost considerable weight; still it isn't enough. I have to lose some more and be what I was before I got pregnant, at least."

    Sharon is not the Megastar for nothing. What Sharon does, her fans notice, perhaps even laud her for her initial weight loss. What Sharon eats, in spite of her timely diet regimen, only sends mixed messages to anyone who thinks she truly inspires.

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    November 30, 2005
    Shampoo athletes go a loooong way

    Just when you thought female athleticism has come a long way, we see the New Pink CreamSilk TV ad spots. 23rd SEA Games athletes Janice Hung (martial arts) and Monica Santos (football, as in soccer) celebrate the kind of "Girl Power!" that embraces both strength and beauty. "Why choose when you can have both?" they challenge.

    Of course, beauty here is never about the inner person. It's about physical attributes, namely free-flowing, silky smooth hair. As if these girls didn't have it all to begin with. It's bad enough that the whole shampoo commercial trope is all about preying on the insecurities of women and teenage girls. The Head & Shoulders ITCH SO KAKAHIYA ad campaign shows us that it's better to suffer in silence than to have anyone see you work your nails thoroughly on your scalp, and while you're at it, use the shampoo so that you can nab that guy's attention once and for all. Ohterwise, you'd have to be "bilib sa sarili" like KC Concepcion to ooze with a self-confidence that never seems to run out of steam. Even young girls are also being targeted as a market to flaunt their thick manes with Vaseline Thick and Clean Shampoo (they may as well be show horses. KAPAL!). Regardless of how old we are, the ad concept people responsible for such artful atrocity never fail to recycle time and again this self-defeating message: we're nothing without their shampoo. Unfortunately, not everyone recognizes this for the hogwash it really is.

    If Janice and Monica are confident enough with their game, why would they have to produce a future generation of aspiring athletic girls with chronic cases of hair trauma? Janice might easily get away with being graceful while wielding that sword, but is Monica's idea of having it all being able to score a goal without looking like a buhag-HAG? I'm sure it's more than that. Besides, who keeps long, super-straight hair untied during such a fast-paced game? She'd end up with hair in her mouth, and no amount of CreamSilk could keep that hair away from her pretty little face!

    Granted, there's nothing wrong with owning the jersey (or whatever the coveted sports outfit entails) and looking your best out there. But girls in sports have a lot more goal-oriented priorities than the state of their hair. Athletic skill has never really been about image or maintaining appearances, but when sponsorships and endorsements come in, there's a whole new package waiting to be conceived.

    Who knows what say they (or their coaches) had in the matter before agreeing to peddle shampoo - unless, of course, they didn't see any harm in it. Just like it seems mostly harmless to intensively promote sports apparel and the athletes who sport them with such youthful vigor that it's easy to ignore the sweatshop conditions behind the production of their branded shoes and clothing.

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    October 27, 2005
    Bono on Microcredit



    From a Q&A session in The New York Times (September 21, 2005):
    Q. How do you feel about micro-loans and micro-enterprise as a tool to end world poverty -- by helping people help themselves to self-sufficiency?
    - Barry Stevens, Puerto Viejo de Talamanca, Costa Rica

    A. I met Professor Microcredit himself last week to discuss this. A very gracious, very great man: Mohammad Yunus, founder of the Grameen Bank in Bangladesh. You know that mantra, "Give a man a fish, he'll eat for a day. Teach a man to fish, he'll eat for a lifetime"? It's missing something: microfinance is the fishing rod, the boat, the net, etc. Cash and dignity, side by side. Part of Professor Yunus's brilliance was to lend the money to women, who are much more reliable at paying back loans. Maybe the mantra should be: "Give a man a fish, he'll eat for a day. Give a woman microcredit, she, her husband, her children and her extended family will eat for a lifetime."

    To get long-term self-sufficiency, macro trade reform is kind of the other side of the coin to micro-grassroots empowerment. Different ways of getting to the same thing, but I think you need both.

    The thing with politicized rockstars is that they (unwittingly?) make the job of other seemingly faceless poverty activists so much easier. And now thanks to this ubiquitous frontman of U2, Microcredit can be made a buzz word, and Muhammad Yunus a household name.

    It's interesting to note that underprivileged women are viewed as the more reliable beneficiaries of these small loans. As a matter of equal opportunity, I'm not complaining. But what's trust got to do with gender, other than, say, meddling husbands who think the power of decision-making rests upon them, even if the money is actually made out to their wives...?

    And what about single women who don't have families? Or women who have managed to leave their abusive spouses and start over on their own? Bono's quote gives us the impression that women who are given microcredit are always in service of their families. (Or are they?)

    While microcredit seeks to empower women by enabling them to put up small businesses as a way of overcoming their respective situations of poverty, it isn't without its set of problems. Is credit merely another word for debt, rather than a basic human right? Are these women working harder than they should, yet are still not reaping the rewards come payback time?

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    September 13, 2005
    Women's Magazines as Agents of Change

    GUEST BLOGGER: Kara Santos (WFS Philippines)



    "Sex for Virgins: A Beginners Manual," "Who says Nice Guys Can't Be Wild in Bed?" and "How to Touch a Naked Man."

    These are just some of the blurbs featured on magazine covers in order to attract the contemporary Filipina to buying them.

    And apparently, these provocative teasers work.

    Presently, there are over fifty local women's magazines available catering to women's varied interests. From the cheaper local magazines printed on newsprint to the "glossies," the price tag of Php 35.00 to Php 125.00 (USD $ 0.62 - $2.23) is a small price to pay for the wealth of information and entertainment contained within the covers, the useful tips, and the claim of articles to 'revolutionalize' different aspects of women's life.

    Escape from the Mundane
    According to the book Constructing the Filipina: A History of Women's Magazines (1891-2002) by Georgina Reyes Encanto, "these magazines afford women their weekly dose of escape from the mundane concerns of their lives into a world of fantasy and romance."

    Encanto states that magazines offer a diversion to women who can "retreat into a world where they can be glamorous, successful, super homemakers or career women."

    "Magazines are addictive because of the fantasy or wish fulfillment that they offer at a relatively low price compared to other forms of entertainment. They serve as fashion trendsetters, counselors, confidants, and sources of information on all sorts of topics, social gossip, and even guides for business and romantic decisions through advice column or horoscopes," she says.

    In fact, these all-in-one publications have become a staple in beauty parlors, coffee shops, hotels, office lobbies and anywhere where women can sit back, relax and while away moments of boredom.

    'Voracious Readers'
    In a country with superior literacy rates among women (92.7%), readership remains high among classes A to C. Glossy magazines like Mega, Metro and Preview, which cost P100.00 (USD $ 1.78) are usually sold in bookstores and magazine stands in malls. However, local publications like Mr. and Ms. Magazine, Mod Filipina, Women's Journal and Women's Today which cost only P35.00 - 40.00 (USD $ 0.66) are sold in streetside newsstands and markets as well.

    Sheila Coronel (in Encanto's book) observes that "women are such voracious readers, they practically devour the pages of women's magazines, reading them line by line, from cover to cover, going through the major features to the littlest ad."

    Whether the reader is a student, a tindera, a housewife, a young professional, a chief executive, single or married, readers can find magazines that will cater to their specific interests.

    While many young readers just read magazines to be entertained or to find out about the latest showbiz scandal, these seemingly innocent reading materials also have the power to mold beliefs, change opinions and share information on issues that shape their readers ideas of their roles and self-image.

    "I like reading environmental stories because it gives me a sense of perspective on what can still be done for the only place we call home," says UP teacher Joy Reyes, 26, who spends at least P 200.00 a month (US $ 4.00) on magazines. She likes reading the articles to learn about herself and improve her life and relationships with others. "I also like success stories because they usually contain insights on how I can be successful too."

    Mel Reyes, 28, a teacher who does not like to "spend her money on unnecessary things" just borrows magazines from her friends or reads them in public places where they are available. According to her, she usually reads about political issues first. "I scan the magazine, then if something interests me, I read it, whether it's a lifestyle article, advice on romance or fashion spreads."

    Through the Years
    Encanto's book reviews how far women have come from their traditional roles in articles like "Obligation of a Woman as Mother" (El Bello Sexo, 13 April 1891) and "Will Professional Women Make Ideal Wives?" (La Mujer, June 1925) to the more empowered woman in features like "How I Became My Own Boss" (Woman Today, May 1998)

    From the limited scope on fashion, domestic responsibilities and heavy Christian slant of articles in women's magazines during the Spanish Colonial Period (1891-1898), to emerging feminism, focus on careers and civic citizenship during the American rule (1898-1945), the rise of progressive views is clearly seen in this medium.

    In the postwar years (1945-1971), magazines that featured fashion, society news, clubs and serialized romantic novels provided a 'good read,' for bored housewives escaping from their daily grind of chores.

    However, it was during the Martial Law years (1972-1986) that their power to shape society was seen. For instance, Mr. and Ms. Magazine Special Edition was used as a venue for political protests, particularly regarding Ninoy Aquino's assassination. Regular editions also brought out issues that had never been widely discussed before, like domestic violence, trafficking, exploitation and oppression of Overseas Filipina Workers.

    Contemporary magazines (1986-2002) have continued including broader articles on health, environment, relationship advice, career concerns and practical tips of financial budgeting, aside from the "lighter features."

    Constructing the Filipina
    While giving a historical look into women's magazines and providing a valuable resource for students and researchers, Encanto's book also gives insights on the impact of these magazines on women's image and consciousness.

    However, while the image of women has indeed transformed from the traditional "domestic role" to one that is more empowered, traces of stereotyping women still exist in present publications.

    "I dislike seeing the devaluing of women as portrayed in the pictures or sexist comments and articles. It really gets on my nerves!" says Mel Reyes. "I would like to see more about how or what women think and feel, and not what they wear!!!"

    Other topics of interest should also be covered.

    "I'd like to see more articles on how to help others (not just the environment) in any way you can, be it monetary, time, effort, whatever," says Joy Reyes, who gets turned off by bad grammar when she reads articles. "Projects, plans, schemes, anything that can convince others that the only way we can really improve and enrich our lives is by helping others. Because however much we acquire (wealth, power, people), it will never be enough, it will never give us that feeling of satisfaction and contentment of knowing you have made a big difference in someone else's life."

    As author Encanto says, "much more remains to be done, to transform women's magazines into agents of social change and thereby liberate the Filipina from oppression."

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